A reference collection of fundamental hardware circuits and topologies.
Step-down switching regulator topology for efficient voltage reduction.

Step-up switching power supply utilizing inductor energy storage.

Classic square wave oscillator circuit with adjustable duty cycle.
Standard Operational Amplifier configuration for negative gain scaling.

Passive RC network designed to attenuate high-frequency signals.

RC network used to block DC components and pass high frequencies.

Switching array enabling bidirectional DC motor control.
.png)
Comparator circuit with positive feedback hysteresis for noise immunity.